Making carbureted water gas



May 6 1924. 1,493,458

0. B. EVANS ET AL MAKING CARBURETED WATER GAS Original Filed May 20 FIG].

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Patented May 6, 1 924.

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OWEN B. EVANS, OF PHILADELPHIA, JOSEPH A. PERRY, OF SWARTHMORE, AND LEON B. EICHENGREEN, F ARDMOBE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS TO THE UNITED GAS IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

MAKING CARBURETED WATER GAS.

Application filed May 29, 1920, Seria1 No. 382,767. Renewed February 27, 1924.

To all whom it may concern: v

Be itknown that we, OWEN B. EVANS, of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Penn-. sylvania, JOSEPH A. PERRY, of Swarthmore,

5 Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and LEON B. EICHENGREEN, of Ardmore, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, all citizens of the United States, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Making Carbureted Water Gas, of which the following is a specification.

In the early days of the manufacture of carbureted water gas the oils used were very light, like naphthas, and they were introduced directly onto the top and comparatively cool parts of the fuel bed, which was blasted from the bottom, and by reason of their lightness and freedom from residue they operated very well. As time went on such light oils were no longer available and heavier oils had to be used, but these heavier oils, by reason of their greater cooling efiect and their somewhat greater content of coke or residue, seriously interfered with a fuel 2 bed blasted from the bottom and could not be successfully gasified on the top-thereof, so that they were introduced into the carbureter and when so introduced gave satisfaction because the coke residue was not excessive being, for example, from 1 to 3%. At the present time it has become necessary or desirable to use heavy oils or residuums containing coke content measurable in say 15% of the weight of the heavy oil. These heavy oils and residuums cannot be successfully used by known methods because if introduced upon a fuel bed blasted from the bottom, they and their residue interfere with the fire, sometimes even extinguishing it, and if introduced into the carbureter their residue is so large that it chokes the brickwork of the carbureter and causes ash and carbon to collect therein.

It is the principal object of the present invention to provide for using such heavy oils and residuums in the manufacture of carbureted water gas as were hertofore unusable for that purpose because there was no known way of successfully gasifying them.

In accordance with the present invention and generally stated, the u per ortion of the fuel bed is marginally'b as ondary air, thus wholly or partially con? with secsuming the producer gas generated at the bottom of generator fire by the primary blast, and providing an incandescent or a relatively hot zone of ring form at the to of the fuel bed, and the heavy oil or resi 'uum is introduced onto this hot ring zone in spots during the run, whereby such heavy oil is gasified during runs in part by reason of the high heat of the zone and in-part by reason of the fiow of hot water gas through it and whereby the heavier part or pitch of the oil remains deposited on the fuel and is partially coked during the run period, and fully coked and consumed during the succeeding blows which may pass between the spots.

The drawings, forming part hereof, illustrate apparatus capable of use in practicing the process of the invention and also features of the process, and in the drawings- Figure 1, is a side View, partly in section, illustrating one form of apparatus.

Fig. 2, 1s a vertical sectional view of a generator diagrammatically illustrating features of the process. 7 v

Fig. 3, is a section on the line 3- -3, of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4, is a schematic view hereinafter referred to.

The heavy oils ,or residuums which it is the object of the present invention to gasify in a carbureted water'gas set are those of high coke content, meaning that if they are distilled there is left a large quantity of free carbon in the form of coke, illustratively we mention 15%, but those skilled in this art will know what is meant by heavy oils. Theseheavy oils are introduced-into the generator 1, upon the top of the fire or fuel bed therein and in order to successfully gasify them it is highly necessary that the temperature of the top of the generator fuel bed or fire be carefully regulated and maintained sufficiently high. For this purpose a secondary blast 2, is applied slightly below the top 3, of the generator fuel bed 4, and the producer gas om the primary blast 5, introduced at the bot of the generator fire, is wholly or in part consumed near the top of the generator fire and effectively heats the fuel at the top of the fuel bed, as shown at 6. This secondary blast chiefly heats-the outer upper edge of the generator fuel bed producing an incandescent zone of ring form, Fig. 4, at the top of the generator fuel bed, and this outer edge is also the point at which there is most vigorous flow of hot water gas during the run, which flow greatly assists in vaporizing and carrying oil. In consequence of this and during the run when steam is introduced as at 11, the heavy oil is sprayed upon the generator fire at this outer portion 7, Fig. 4, and preferably in spots as shown in that figure. If the oil were deposited upon the central part of the top of the fuel bed there would be insuflicient heat for its prompt gasification and it would soak into the fuel bed and be gradually vaporized and lost during the blow, or probably some of the oil would pass through the fire to the bottom of the generator and be lost. We therefore pro vide a spray 8, of such construction that the oil is thus deposited upon the circumferential portion of the fuel bed. By spraying the oil in spots, as described, the consumption of its coke residue, if any, during the blast is facilitated. Producer gas not burned at the top of the generator fire by the secondary air 2, may be burned with secondary air in the carbureter 9, and fixing chamber 10. The heated zone or ring form 6, Fig. 2, and 7, Fig. 4, can also be produced, if for any reason especially desired, by suspending the primary blast 5,

and admitting the secondary blast 2; in

other words, the blasting simultaneously at 5 and 2, while generally advantageous, is not essential as such blasting can be done in succession during the blasting period instead of simultaneously. In such method the solid fuel at 6, Wlll itself be in part consumed and zone 6, brought to the desired temperature.

We claim:

1. In the art of making carbureted water gas the improved process of gasifying heavy oils or residuums which consists in heating the upper outer edge of the generator fuel bed during the blasts by the combustion in direct contact with the'fuel bed of an admixture of producer gas generated by a primary air blast at the bottom of the fuel bed scribed.

2. In the art of making carbureted water gas the improved process of using heavy oils or residuums which consists in marginally blasting the upper portion of the fuel bed with secondary air and consuming in direct contact with the fuel bed producer gas generated at the bottom of the fuel bed by a primary blast to provide an incandescent zone of ring form at the top of the fuel bed, and spraying the heavy oil or residuum onto said incandescent ring zone in spots during the runs, whereby heavy oil is vaporized during runs and its coke residue is consumed during succeeding blows, substan tially as described.

3. In the art of making carbureted water gas the improved process of using heavy oils or residuums which consists in marginally blasting the upper portion of the fuel bed with secondary air and consuming in direct contact with the fuel bed producer gas generated at the bottom of the fuel bed by a primary blast to provide an incandescent zone of ring form at the top of the fuel bed, and spraying the heavy oil or residuum onto said incandescent ring during the runs, substantially as described.

4. In the art of making carbureted water gas the improved process of using heavy oils or residuums which consists in heating a marginal zone at the top of the fuel bed to incandescence by the simultaneous application in direct contact with the fuel bed of primary and secondary air blasts to the lower and upper parts of the fuel bed during the blows, and introducing the heavy oil or residuum onto said marginal zone during OWEN B. EVANS. JOSEPH A. PERRY. LEON B. EICHENGREEN. 

